{"id":673,"date":"2023-04-17T07:02:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-17T06:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mobile.lebara.com\/gb\/en\/blog\/?p=673"},"modified":"2023-06-17T07:02:26","modified_gmt":"2023-06-17T06:02:26","slug":"%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/","title":{"rendered":"\ufffcPr\u00edru\u010dka k \u010d\u00edta\u010dk\u00e1m obrazovky"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u010c\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky je softv\u00e9rov\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia nain\u0161talovan\u00e1 v mobiln\u00fdch zariadeniach a po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch, ktor\u00e1 \u013eu\u010fom so zrakov\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm u\u013eah\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvanie ich zariaden\u00ed. Tento softv\u00e9r spolupracuje so zariaden\u00edm <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/why-keeping-your-smartphones-operating-system-up-to-date-is-essential\/\">opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/a> na poskytovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o r\u00f4znych veciach na obrazovke vr\u00e1tane prie\u010dinkov, s\u00faborov, ikon, dial\u00f3gov\u00fdch okien, pon\u00fak, ikon a webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok. Hoci mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia u\u017e po\u010duli o tomto pojme, nevedia ve\u013ea o \u010d\u00edta\u010dk\u00e1ch obrazovky, o tom, ako funguj\u00fa a ako sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa. T\u00e1to pr\u00edru\u010dka v\u00e1s obozn\u00e1mi so v\u0161etk\u00fdm, \u010do potrebujete vedie\u0165 o \u010d\u00edta\u010dk\u00e1ch obrazovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Prep\u00ednanie tabu\u013eky obsahu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Prep\u00edna\u010d<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#What_Is_a_Screen_Reader\" >\u010co je to \u010d\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#How_Screen_Readers_Relay_Information\" >Ako \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Speech\" >Re\u010d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Braille\" >Braillovo p\u00edsmo<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#How_Screen_Readers_Work\" >Ako funguj\u00fa \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Screen_Readers_Work_With_All_Operating_Systems\" >\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky pracuj\u00fa so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi opera\u010dn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Windows_Screen_Readers\" >\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky syst\u00e9mu Windows<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#MacOS_Screen_Readers\" >\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky MacOS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Linux_Screen_Readers\" >\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Smartphone_Screen_Readers\" >\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky smartf\u00f3nu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Screen_Readers_Support_Different_Types_of_Applications\" >\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky podporuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Screen_Readers_Understand_Different_Languages\" >\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky rozumej\u00fa r\u00f4znym jazykom<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#How_Screen_Readers_Deal_With_Graphics\" >Ako sa \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa s grafikou<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Accessibility_A_Common_Challenge\" >Pr\u00edstupnos\u0165: Spolo\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdzva<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_a_Screen_Reader\"><\/span>\u010co je to \u010d\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky patria do kateg\u00f3rie softv\u00e9rov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed zn\u00e1mych ako asisten\u010dn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie. \u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky poskytuj\u00fa textov\u00fd a vizu\u00e1lny obsah vo forme re\u010dov\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu alebo Braillovho p\u00edsma. Tieto technol\u00f3gie maj\u00fa z\u00e1sadn\u00fd v\u00fdznam pre \u013eud\u00ed s poruchami u\u010denia a \u013eud\u00ed so zrakov\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm, preto\u017ee im umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v\u00fdhody, ktor\u00e9 prin\u00e1\u0161a mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 telef\u00f3n alebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako u\u017e bolo spomenut\u00e9, \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky s\u00fa umiestnen\u00e9 nad opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom a poskytuj\u00fa mu \u010fal\u0161ie mo\u017enosti, ktor\u00e9 mnoh\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my inak nemaj\u00fa. \u010c\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky potrebuje pr\u00edstup ku v\u0161etk\u00fdm \u010dastiam opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vr\u00e1tane nain\u0161talovan\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, aby bola u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed ju pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Screen_Readers_Relay_Information\"><\/span>Ako \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky poskytuj\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom inform\u00e1cie dvoma sp\u00f4sobmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Speech\"><\/span><a><\/a>Re\u010d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa technol\u00f3giu prevodu textu na re\u010d (TTS) na prevod inform\u00e1ci\u00ed na obrazovke na zvuk, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017eete po\u010du\u0165 cez reproduktory nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 v zariaden\u00ed. V z\u00e1vislosti od mo\u017enost\u00ed a funkci\u00ed \u010d\u00edta\u010dky ich m\u00f4\u017eu po\u010du\u0165 aj prostredn\u00edctvom extern\u00e9ho zvukov\u00e9ho zariadenia, ako s\u00fa sl\u00fachadl\u00e1 alebo sl\u00fachadl\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TTS m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 bu\u010f s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky, ak pou\u017e\u00edvate softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie, alebo s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou hardv\u00e9ru, ktor\u00fd sa prip\u00e1ja k po\u010d\u00edta\u010du, aby pou\u017e\u00edvatelia mali mo\u017enos\u0165 \u010d\u00edta\u0165 obrazovku. V minulosti, ke\u010f mnoh\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nemali zvukov\u00e9 karty, sa uprednost\u0148ovala mo\u017enos\u0165 in\u0161talova\u0165 do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky. Nezab\u00fadajte, \u017ee inteligentn\u00e9 zariadenia v tom \u010dase e\u0161te neboli v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00e9. Ke\u010f sa po\u010d\u00edta\u010de za\u010dali dod\u00e1va\u0165 so zvukov\u00fdmi kartami a smartf\u00f3ny sa stali popul\u00e1rnymi, softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky sa stali normou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Braille\"><\/span><a><\/a>Braillovo p\u00edsmo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky dok\u00e1\u017eu poskytova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie aj v Braillovom p\u00edsme. Tieto \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa extern\u00fd n\u00e1stroj naz\u00fdvan\u00fd obnovite\u013en\u00fd braillovsk\u00fd displej. Displej m\u00e1 maticu buniek, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 podobu jedn\u00e9ho braillovsk\u00e9ho znaku, s\u00e9rie bodov, ktor\u00e9 osobe \u010d\u00edtaj\u00facej Braillovo p\u00edsmo hovoria, \u010do je to znak a ak\u00e1 je inform\u00e1cia na displeji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak sa inform\u00e1cie na obrazovke zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e \u010d\u00edta, zmenia, obnovite\u013en\u00fd Braillov displej zmen\u00ed znaky, aby tieto nov\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie sprostredkoval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky v Braillovom p\u00edsme aj v re\u010di m\u00f4\u017eu fungova\u0165 a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 sa samostatne, ale mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia ich rad\u0161ej pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa spolo\u010dne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Screen_Readers_Work\"><\/span>Ako funguj\u00fa \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky, nepou\u017e\u00edva po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fa my\u0161, preto sa \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky spoliehaj\u00fa na vstup z kl\u00e1vesnice. V mobiln\u00fdch zariadeniach sa spoliehaj\u00fa na gest\u00e1 na obrazovke, klepnutia a hlasov\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy, aby vedeli, \u010do maj\u00fa robi\u0165. Ke\u010f si pou\u017e\u00edvatelia nain\u0161taluj\u00fa \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky do svojich telef\u00f3nov, musia sa nau\u010di\u0165 r\u00f4zne gest\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa potrebova\u0165, a miesta, kde maj\u00fa \u0165uka\u0165, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee ich bud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pod\u013ea svojho z\u00e1meru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vstupy m\u00f4\u017eu \u010d\u00edta\u010dku obrazovky nasmerova\u0165 na vykon\u00e1vanie mnoh\u00fdch \u00faloh vr\u00e1tane pos\u00favania str\u00e1nok, prechodu na \u010fal\u0161iu str\u00e1nku pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed dokumentov, informovania pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov o tom, \u010do je obr\u00e1zok na webovej lokalite, otv\u00e1rania a zatv\u00e1rania s\u00faborov, po\u010d\u00favania hudby, otv\u00e1rania a zatv\u00e1rania aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke\u010f pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e zad\u00e1 pr\u00edkaz z kl\u00e1vesnice, pou\u017eije ovl\u00e1dacie gest\u00e1 alebo \u0165ukne na obrazovku, \u010d\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky poskytne pr\u00edkaz z\u00e1kladn\u00e9mu opera\u010dn\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu a opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m potom vykon\u00e1 pr\u00edkaz. Ke\u010f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010d\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky m\u00e1 na podobn\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie in\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy, mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia si vyber\u00fa model, ktor\u00fd im najlep\u0161ie vyhovuje, a dr\u017eia sa ho, aby sa nemuseli u\u010di\u0165 nov\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy, ako keby pravidelne menili \u010d\u00edta\u010dku obrazovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Screen_Readers_Work_With_All_Operating_Systems\"><\/span>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky pracuj\u00fa so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi opera\u010dn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zabezpe\u010di\u0165 <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/unlocking-the-power-of-mobile-accessibility-a-guide-to-smartphone-features-for-disabled-users\/\">pr\u00edstupnos\u0165<\/a> na v\u0161etk\u00fdch zariadeniach a na internete, v\u0161etky opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my podporuj\u00fa aspo\u0148 jednu \u010d\u00edta\u010dku obrazovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Windows_Screen_Readers\"><\/span><a><\/a>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky syst\u00e9mu Windows<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Windows je najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, tak\u017ee jeho \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky s\u00fa zvy\u010dajne pokro\u010dilej\u0161ie ako \u010d\u00edta\u010dky v in\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov. Medzi pr\u00edklady \u010d\u00edta\u010diek obrazovky pre syst\u00e9m Windows patria Windows Eyes, Hal a Jaws for Windows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Program Jaws je ur\u010den\u00fd na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu do po\u010d\u00edta\u010da so syst\u00e9mom Windows, ale m\u00e1 aj prenosn\u00fa verziu, ktor\u00fa si pou\u017e\u00edvatelia m\u00f4\u017eu vzia\u0165 so sebou na flash disku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edta\u010dku obrazovky Hal vyvinula a udr\u017eiava spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Dolphin, ktor\u00e1 za\u010dala s vytv\u00e1ran\u00edm \u010d\u00edta\u010dky pre prenosn\u00e9 digit\u00e1lne asistentky. Nesk\u00f4r preniesli svoju \u010d\u00edta\u010dku obrazovky na pou\u017e\u00edvanie v syst\u00e9moch Windows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed podiel na trhu v tomto segmente m\u00e1 syst\u00e9m Windows Eyes, ktor\u00fd vyv\u00edja a spravuje spolo\u010dnos\u0165 GW Micro. Nem\u00e1 prenosn\u00fa verziu, tak\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvatelia si ju musia nain\u0161talova\u0165 do svojho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MacOS_Screen_Readers\"><\/span><a><\/a>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky MacOS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvatelia syst\u00e9mu Windows si musia nain\u0161talova\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky syst\u00e9mu Windows, ale <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/a-guide-to-the-top-iphones-for-business-and-pleasure\/\">Apple<\/a> zaujala in\u00fd pr\u00edstup. Ich \u010d\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky Voice Over je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u0161tandardnej in\u0161tal\u00e1cie syst\u00e9mu macOS a vyu\u017e\u00edva technol\u00f3giu Cepstral Text-to-Speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Linux_Screen_Readers\"><\/span><a><\/a>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux m\u00e1 k dispoz\u00edcii dva v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edta\u010de obrazovky: Speakup a Gnopernicus. Speakup funguje na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine popul\u00e1rnych distrib\u00faci\u00ed Linuxu vr\u00e1tane Slackware a Debianu a u\u017e ho nemus\u00edte in\u0161talova\u0165. Ak ho dok\u00e1\u017eete skompilova\u0165, m\u00f4\u017eete ho nain\u0161talova\u0165 aj do in\u00fdch distrib\u00faci\u00ed Linuxu. Ak sa tak rozhodnete urobi\u0165, majte na pam\u00e4ti, \u017ee verzia na webovej lokalite Speakup m\u00f4\u017ee zaost\u00e1va\u0165 za verziou nain\u0161talovanou v distrib\u00faci\u00e1ch Linuxu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Smartphone_Screen_Readers\"><\/span><a><\/a>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky smartf\u00f3nu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zariadenia so syst\u00e9mami Android a iOS sa dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa s \u010d\u00edta\u010dkami obrazovky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ich pl\u00e1nu na \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu pr\u00edstupnos\u0165 zariaden\u00ed. Zariadenia so syst\u00e9mom Android s\u00fa vybaven\u00e9 funkciou TalkBack, zatia\u013e \u010do zariadenia so syst\u00e9mom iOS s\u00fa vybaven\u00e9 funkciou VoiceOver. Gest\u00e1 a \u0165uknutia pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 s t\u00fdmito \u010d\u00edta\u010dkami obrazovky zvy\u010dajne poskytuj\u00fa viac funkci\u00ed ako ovl\u00e1danie potiahnut\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u013eudia bez zrakov\u00e9ho postihnutia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Screen_Readers_Support_Different_Types_of_Applications\"><\/span>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky podporuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Typy aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 \u010d\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky podporuje, z\u00e1visia od \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky a opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, v ktorom sa pou\u017e\u00edva. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine zariaden\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k webov\u00fdm prehliada\u010dom a dokumentom na spracovanie textu, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v spojen\u00ed s hlasov\u00fdm diktovan\u00edm, e-mailom a be\u017en\u00fdmi aplik\u00e1ciami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V syst\u00e9me Windows podporuj\u00fa v\u0161etky aplik\u00e1cie vytvoren\u00e9 alebo vlastnen\u00e9 spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Microsoft vr\u00e1tane aplik\u00e1cie Microsoft 360 a aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed tret\u00edch str\u00e1n, ako s\u00fa Firefox a Chrome, hudobn\u00e9 prehr\u00e1va\u010de a \u010fal\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V smartf\u00f3noch maj\u00fa tie\u017e \u0161pecifick\u00e9 funkcie. Napr\u00edklad TalkBack v syst\u00e9me Android integruje funkcie zo slu\u017eby Google Lens, ke\u010f\u017ee spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Google vlastn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Android. M\u00f4\u017eu tak pom\u00f4c\u0165 zrakovo postihnut\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom lep\u0161ie sa orientova\u0165 vo svete, porozumie\u0165 obr\u00e1zkom na obrazovke a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ich <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/are-phone-cameras-better-than-traditional-dslr-cameras\/\">kamery<\/a> \u010d\u00edta\u0165 pokyny v knih\u00e1ch, dokumentoch a in\u00fdch p\u00edsomn\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V zariadeniach so syst\u00e9mom iOS v\u00e1m VoiceOver umo\u017e\u0148uje pr\u00edstup k mnoh\u00fdm \u010dastiam opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a k aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m prv\u00fdch a tret\u00edch str\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Screen_Readers_Understand_Different_Languages\"><\/span>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky rozumej\u00fa r\u00f4znym jazykom<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak sa ob\u00e1vate, \u017ee \u010d\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky nebude pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 jazyk, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvate, nemus\u00edte sa ob\u00e1va\u0165, preto\u017ee mu pravdepodobne bude rozumie\u0165. \u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa a rozumej\u00fa prim\u00e1rnemu jazyku zariadenia, na ktorom s\u00fa nain\u0161talovan\u00e9. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee jazyky, ktor\u00fdm \u010d\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky rozumie, bud\u00fa z\u00e1visie\u0165 od jazykov, ktor\u00fdm rozumie jej motor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky m\u00f4\u017eu meni\u0165 v\u00fd\u0161ku t\u00f3nu, r\u00fdchlos\u0165, pr\u00edzvuk a in\u00e9 re\u010dov\u00e9 vzory, aby zodpovedali jazyku pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed alebo preklade textu. Napr\u00edklad \u010d\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky bude znie\u0165 \u00faplne inak pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed franc\u00faz\u0161tiny v porovnan\u00ed s \u010d\u00edtan\u00edm talian\u010diny alebo angli\u010dtiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Screen_Readers_Deal_With_Graphics\"><\/span>Ako sa \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa s grafikou<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky dok\u00e1\u017eu identifikova\u0165 r\u00f4zne grafick\u00e9 prvky v opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch. Napr\u00edklad v\u0161etky \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky v syst\u00e9me Windows dok\u00e1\u017eu identifikova\u0165 be\u017en\u00e9 ikony, ako napr\u00edklad \"M\u00f4j po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\", a ako tak\u00e9 ich zobrazia. M\u00f4\u017eu v\u0161ak ma\u0165 probl\u00e9my, ke\u010f narazia na obr\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 nerozoznaj\u00fa, \u010do sa ve\u013emi \u010dasto st\u00e1va na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok musia pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed webov\u00fdch lokal\u00edt a webov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u017edy zoh\u013ead\u0148ova\u0165 pr\u00edstupnos\u0165, aby mohli ich v\u00fdtvory pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v\u0161etci. V pr\u00edpade grafiky je najlep\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom, ako zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky porozumeli obr\u00e1zkom na obrazovke, pridanie zna\u010diek \"alt\" k obr\u00e1zkom. Tieto kr\u00e1tke opisn\u00e9 vety informuj\u00fa \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky o tom, \u010do je obr\u00e1zok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Popisky a popisky sa hodia aj pre in\u00e9 typy grafiky, aby sa zabezpe\u010dila pr\u00edstupnos\u0165 webovej str\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Accessibility_A_Common_Challenge\"><\/span>Pr\u00edstupnos\u0165: Spolo\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdzva<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Grafika nie je jedinou v\u00fdzvou pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/how-does-face-recognition-on-mobile-phones-work\/\">tv\u00e1r<\/a> pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok na internete. \u0160trukt\u00fary webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok, najm\u00e4 naviga\u010dn\u00e9 li\u0161ty, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pre \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, ak v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri nevyv\u00edjaj\u00fa svoje webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky spr\u00e1vne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dobrou spr\u00e1vou je, \u017ee konzorcium W3C intenz\u00edvne pracuje na vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed \u0161tandardov a usmernen\u00ed pre v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, aby sa uistili, \u017ee ich webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky a aplik\u00e1cie s\u00fa pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch vr\u00e1tane \u013eud\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facich \u010d\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky, \u010di u\u017e ide o \u010d\u00edta\u010dky Braillovho p\u00edsma alebo \u010d\u00edta\u010dky re\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okrem popisov r\u00f4znych prvkov na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach musia v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby sa pou\u017e\u00edvatelia mohli pohybova\u0165 po webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach pomocou kl\u00e1vesnice a hlasov\u00fdch pr\u00edkazov. To s\u00fa hlavn\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby, ako zrakovo postihnut\u00ed naviguj\u00fa na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach pomocou \u010d\u00edta\u010diek obrazovky a in\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed pre pr\u00edstupnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a><\/a>\u010c\u00edta\u010dky obrazovky spr\u00edstup\u0148uj\u00fa svet zrakovo postihnut\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa im lep\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ich zariadenia a vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v\u0161etky ich funkcie. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa im tie\u017e pohybova\u0165 sa na internete, ktor\u00fd sa stal v\u00fdznamnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u017eivota v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010c\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky je softv\u00e9rov\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia nain\u0161talovan\u00e1 v mobiln\u00fdch zariadeniach a po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch, ktor\u00e1 \u013eu\u010fom so zrakov\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm u\u013eah\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvanie ich zariaden\u00ed. Tento softv\u00e9r spolupracuje s opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom zariadenia a poskytuje inform\u00e1cie o r\u00f4znych veciach na obrazovke vr\u00e1tane prie\u010dinkov, s\u00faborov, ikon, dial\u00f3gov\u00fdch okien, pon\u00fak, ikon a webov\u00fdch...<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"read-more button-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/\">\u010c\u00edtajte viac<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lebara-news","tag-screen-readers","clearfix",false],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/673","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=673"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/673\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":674,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/673\/revisions\/674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}