{"id":673,"date":"2023-04-17T07:02:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-17T06:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mobile.lebara.com\/gb\/en\/blog\/?p=673"},"modified":"2023-06-17T07:02:26","modified_gmt":"2023-06-17T06:02:26","slug":"%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/","title":{"rendered":"\ufffcPr\u016fvodce \u010dte\u010dkami obrazovky"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u010cte\u010dka obrazovky je softwarov\u00e1 aplikace nainstalovan\u00e1 v mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch, kter\u00e1 usnad\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed osob\u00e1m se zrakov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm. Tento software spolupracuje se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, kter\u00e9 je vybaveno <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/why-keeping-your-smartphones-operating-system-up-to-date-is-essential\/\">opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/a> poskytovat informace o r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u011bcech na obrazovce, v\u010detn\u011b slo\u017eek, soubor\u016f, ikon, dialogov\u00fdch oken, nab\u00eddek, ikon a webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. P\u0159esto\u017ee mnoho lid\u00ed o tomto pojmu sly\u0161elo, o \u010dte\u010dk\u00e1ch obrazovky, jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed toho mnoho nev\u00ed. Tento pr\u016fvodce v\u00e1s sezn\u00e1m\u00ed se v\u0161\u00edm, co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt o \u010dte\u010dk\u00e1ch obrazovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"P\u0159epnut\u00ed tabulky obsahu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#What_Is_a_Screen_Reader\" >Co je to \u010dte\u010dka obrazovky?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#How_Screen_Readers_Relay_Information\" >Jak \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed informace<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Speech\" >\u0158e\u010d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Braille\" >Braillovo p\u00edsmo<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#How_Screen_Readers_Work\" >Jak funguj\u00ed \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Screen_Readers_Work_With_All_Operating_Systems\" >\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky pracuj\u00ed se v\u0161emi opera\u010dn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Windows_Screen_Readers\" >\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky syst\u00e9mu Windows<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#MacOS_Screen_Readers\" >\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky pro MacOS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Linux_Screen_Readers\" >\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky syst\u00e9mu Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Smartphone_Screen_Readers\" >\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Screen_Readers_Support_Different_Types_of_Applications\" >\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky podporuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy aplikac\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Screen_Readers_Understand_Different_Languages\" >\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky rozum\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm jazyk\u016fm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#How_Screen_Readers_Deal_With_Graphics\" >Jak si \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky porad\u00ed s grafikou<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/#Accessibility_A_Common_Challenge\" >P\u0159\u00edstupnost: Spole\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdzva<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_a_Screen_Reader\"><\/span>Co je to \u010dte\u010dka obrazovky?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky pat\u0159\u00ed do kategorie softwarov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako asisten\u010dn\u00ed technologie. \u010cte\u010dky obrazovky poskytuj\u00ed textov\u00fd a vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed obsah ve form\u011b \u0159e\u010dov\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu nebo Braillova p\u00edsma. Tyto technologie maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro osoby s poruchami u\u010den\u00ed a osoby se zrakov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm, proto\u017ee jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u00fdhod, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edvat telefon nebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky jsou um\u00edst\u011bny nad opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem a poskytuj\u00ed mu dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 jinak mnoh\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my nemaj\u00ed. \u010cte\u010dka obrazovky pot\u0159ebuje p\u0159\u00edstup ke v\u0161em \u010d\u00e1stem opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, v\u010detn\u011b nainstalovan\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, aby byla u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed ji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Screen_Readers_Relay_Information\"><\/span>Jak \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed informace<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky poskytuj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm informace dv\u011bma zp\u016fsoby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Speech\"><\/span><a><\/a>\u0158e\u010d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed technologii p\u0159evodu textu na \u0159e\u010d (TTS) k p\u0159evodu informac\u00ed na obrazovce na zvuk, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017eete sly\u0161et prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm reproduktor\u016f nainstalovan\u00fdch v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V z\u00e1vislosti na mo\u017enostech a funkc\u00edch \u010dte\u010dky je mohou sly\u0161et tak\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm extern\u00edho zvukov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou sluch\u00e1tka nebo n\u00e1hlavn\u00ed souprava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TTS m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt bu\u010f sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky, pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te softwarov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, nebo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hardwaru, kter\u00fd se p\u0159ipojuje k po\u010d\u00edta\u010di a poskytuje u\u017eivatel\u016fm funkce \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky. V minulosti, kdy mnoho po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f nebylo vybaveno zvukov\u00fdmi kartami, byla preferovanou mo\u017enost\u00ed instalace hardwarov\u00fdch \u010dte\u010dek obrazovky do po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f. Nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nebyla chytr\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1. Jakmile se po\u010d\u00edta\u010de za\u010daly dod\u00e1vat se zvukov\u00fdmi kartami a chytr\u00e9 telefony se staly popul\u00e1rn\u00edmi, staly se softwarov\u00e9 \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky normou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Braille\"><\/span><a><\/a>Braillovo p\u00edsmo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky jsou schopny poskytovat informace tak\u00e9 v Braillov\u011b p\u00edsmu. Tyto \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed extern\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 obnoviteln\u00fd braillsk\u00fd displej. Displej m\u00e1 matici bun\u011bk, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt podobu jednoho braillsk\u00e9ho znaku, \u0159ady bod\u016f, kter\u00e9 osob\u011b \u010dtouc\u00ed Braillovo p\u00edsmo sd\u011bluj\u00ed, co je to za znak a jak\u00e1 je informace na displeji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se informace na obrazovce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel \u010dte, zm\u011bn\u00ed, obnoviteln\u00fd braillsk\u00fd displej zm\u011bn\u00ed znaky, aby tyto nov\u00e9 informace p\u0159enesl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cte\u010dky \u0159e\u010di i Braillova p\u00edsma mohou fungovat a b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny samostatn\u011b, ale mnoho lid\u00ed je rad\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Screen_Readers_Work\"><\/span>Jak funguj\u00ed \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky, nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou my\u0161, tak\u017ee \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na vstup z kl\u00e1vesnice. V mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na gesta na obrazovce, klepnut\u00ed a hlasov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy, aby v\u011bd\u011bli, co maj\u00ed d\u011blat. Kdy\u017e si u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nainstaluj\u00ed \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky do sv\u00fdch telefon\u016f, mus\u00ed se nau\u010dit r\u016fzn\u00e1 gesta, kter\u00e1 budou pot\u0159ebovat, a m\u00edsta, kam maj\u00ed klepnout, aby si zajistili, \u017ee je budou moci pou\u017e\u00edvat podle sv\u00e9ho z\u00e1m\u011bru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vstupy mohou \u010dtec\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nasm\u011brovat k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed mnoha \u00fakol\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b posouv\u00e1n\u00ed str\u00e1nek, p\u0159echodu na dal\u0161\u00ed str\u00e1nku p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed dokument\u016f, informov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f o tom, co je obr\u00e1zek na webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce, otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a zav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f, poslechu hudby, otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a zav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e u\u017eivatel zad\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edkaz z kl\u00e1vesnice, pou\u017eije ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed gesta nebo klepne na obrazovku, ode\u010d\u00edta\u010d obrazovky p\u0159ed\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edkaz z\u00e1kladn\u00edmu opera\u010dn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu a ten pak provede p\u0159\u00edkaz. Proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010dte\u010dka obrazovky m\u00e1 pro podobn\u00e9 operace jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy, mnoho lid\u00ed si vybere model, kter\u00fd jim nejl\u00e9pe vyhovuje, a dr\u017e\u00ed se ho, aby se nemuseli u\u010dit nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy, jako kdyby pravideln\u011b m\u011bnili \u010dte\u010dku obrazovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Screen_Readers_Work_With_All_Operating_Systems\"><\/span>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky pracuj\u00ed se v\u0161emi opera\u010dn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zajistit <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/unlocking-the-power-of-mobile-accessibility-a-guide-to-smartphone-features-for-disabled-users\/\">p\u0159\u00edstupnost<\/a> na v\u0161ech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a na internetu, v\u0161echny opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my podporuj\u00ed alespo\u0148 jednu \u010dte\u010dku obrazovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Windows_Screen_Readers\"><\/span><a><\/a>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky syst\u00e9mu Windows<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Windows je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, tak\u017ee jeho \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky jsou obvykle pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u010dte\u010dky v jin\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. Mezi p\u0159\u00edklady \u010dte\u010dek obrazovky pro Windows pat\u0159\u00ed Windows Eyes, Hal a Jaws for Windows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jaws je ur\u010den k instalaci do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de se syst\u00e9mem Windows, ale existuje i p\u0159enosn\u00e1 verze, kterou si u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou vz\u00edt s sebou na flash disku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cte\u010dku obrazovky Hal vyvinula a udr\u017euje spole\u010dnost Dolphin, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala s v\u00fdrobou \u010dte\u010dky pro p\u0159enosn\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed asistenty. Pozd\u011bji p\u0159enesli svou \u010dte\u010dku obrazovky pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v syst\u00e9mech Windows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl na trhu v tomto segmentu m\u00e1 syst\u00e9m Windows Eyes, kter\u00fd vyv\u00edj\u00ed a spravuje spole\u010dnost GW Micro. Nem\u00e1 p\u0159enosnou verzi, tak\u017ee si ji u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed nainstalovat do sv\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MacOS_Screen_Readers\"><\/span><a><\/a>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky pro MacOS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>U\u017eivatel\u00e9 syst\u00e9mu Windows si mus\u00ed nainstalovat \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky syst\u00e9mu Windows, o kter\u00fdch jsme hovo\u0159ili v\u00fd\u0161e. <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/a-guide-to-the-top-iphones-for-business-and-pleasure\/\">Apple<\/a> zaujal jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Jejich \u010dte\u010dka obrazovky Voice Over je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed standardn\u00ed instalace syst\u00e9mu macOS a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 engine Cepstral Text-to-Speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Linux_Screen_Readers\"><\/span><a><\/a>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky syst\u00e9mu Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro Linux jsou k dispozici dva v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ode\u010d\u00edta\u010de obrazovky: Speakup a Gnopernicus. Speakup b\u011b\u017e\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00edch linuxov\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Slackware a Debianu, a nemus\u00edte jej ji\u017e instalovat. Pokud jej um\u00edte zkompilovat, m\u016f\u017eete jej nainstalovat i do jin\u00fdch linuxov\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed. Pokud se tak rozhodnete u\u010dinit, m\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee verze na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Speakupu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pozadu za verz\u00ed instalovanou v linuxov\u00fdch distribuc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Smartphone_Screen_Readers\"><\/span><a><\/a>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se syst\u00e9my Android a iOS jsou vybavena \u010dte\u010dkami obrazovky, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pl\u00e1nu na co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se syst\u00e9mem Android jsou vybavena funkc\u00ed TalkBack, zat\u00edmco za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se syst\u00e9mem iOS jsou vybavena funkc\u00ed VoiceOver. Gesta a klepnut\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 s t\u011bmito \u010dte\u010dkami obrazovky obvykle poskytuj\u00ed v\u00edce funkc\u00ed ne\u017e ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tahem prstu, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 bez zrakov\u00e9ho posti\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Screen_Readers_Support_Different_Types_of_Applications\"><\/span>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky podporuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy aplikac\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Typy aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dte\u010dka obrazovky podporuje, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u010dte\u010dce obrazovky a opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, ve kter\u00e9m se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k webov\u00fdm prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d\u016fm a textov\u00fdm dokument\u016fm, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edvat ve spojen\u00ed s hlasov\u00fdm diktov\u00e1n\u00edm, elektronickou po\u0161tou a b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi aplikacemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V syst\u00e9mu Windows podporuj\u00ed v\u0161echny aplikace vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 nebo vlastn\u011bn\u00e9 spole\u010dnost\u00ed Microsoft, v\u010detn\u011b aplikace Microsoft 360 a aplikac\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edch stran, jako jsou Firefox a Chrome, hudebn\u00ed p\u0159ehr\u00e1va\u010de a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V chytr\u00fdch telefonech maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 funkce. Nap\u0159\u00edklad TalkBack na Androidu integruje funkce z Google Lens, proto\u017ee Google vlastn\u00ed Android. Mohou tak pomoci zrakov\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdm u\u017eivatel\u016fm l\u00e9pe se orientovat ve sv\u011bt\u011b, porozum\u011bt obr\u00e1zk\u016fm na obrazovce a pou\u017e\u00edvat jejich <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/are-phone-cameras-better-than-traditional-dslr-cameras\/\">kamery<\/a> \u010d\u00edst pokyny v knih\u00e1ch, dokumentech a jin\u00fdch p\u00edsemn\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch se syst\u00e9mem iOS umo\u017e\u0148uje VoiceOver p\u0159\u00edstup k mnoha \u010d\u00e1stem opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a k aplikac\u00edm prvn\u00edch i t\u0159et\u00edch stran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Screen_Readers_Understand_Different_Languages\"><\/span>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky rozum\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm jazyk\u016fm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se ob\u00e1v\u00e1te, \u017ee \u010dte\u010dka obrazovky nebude pou\u017e\u00edvat jazyk, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te, nem\u011bli byste se ob\u00e1vat, proto\u017ee mu pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bude rozum\u011bt. \u010cte\u010dky obrazovky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed jazyk za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, na kter\u00e9m jsou nainstalov\u00e1ny, a rozum\u00ed mu. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee jazyky, kter\u00fdm \u010dte\u010dka obrazovky rozum\u00ed, budou z\u00e1viset na jazyc\u00edch, kter\u00fdm rozum\u00ed jej\u00ed engine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky mohou p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed nebo p\u0159ekladu textu m\u011bnit v\u00fd\u0161ku t\u00f3nu, rychlost, p\u0159\u00edzvuk a dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u010dov\u00e9 vzorce tak, aby odpov\u00eddaly jazyku. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed francouz\u0161tiny bude \u010dte\u010dka obrazovky zn\u00edt zcela jinak ne\u017e p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed ital\u0161tiny nebo angli\u010dtiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Screen_Readers_Deal_With_Graphics\"><\/span>Jak si \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky porad\u00ed s grafikou<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rozpoznat r\u016fzn\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 prvky v opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u0161echny \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky syst\u00e9mu Windows dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rozpoznat b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ikony, jako je \"M\u016fj po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\", a zprost\u0159edkuj\u00ed je jako takov\u00e9. Mohou v\u0161ak m\u00edt pot\u00ed\u017ee, kdy\u017e se setkaj\u00ed s obr\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 nerozpoznaj\u00ed, co\u017e se velmi \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek mus\u00ed p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a webov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed v\u017edy br\u00e1t ohled na p\u0159\u00edstupnost, aby zajistili, \u017ee jejich v\u00fdtvory bude moci pou\u017e\u00edvat ka\u017ed\u00fd. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b grafiky je nejlep\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak zajistit, aby \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky rozum\u011bly obr\u00e1zk\u016fm na obrazovce, p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed zna\u010dek \"alt\" k obr\u00e1zk\u016fm. Tyto kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 popisn\u00e9 v\u011bty \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed \u010dte\u010dk\u00e1m obrazovky, o jak\u00fd obr\u00e1zek se jedn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Popisky a popisky se hod\u00ed i pro jin\u00e9 typy grafiky, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna p\u0159\u00edstupnost webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Accessibility_A_Common_Challenge\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edstupnost: Spole\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdzva<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Grafika nen\u00ed jedinou v\u00fdzvou pro u\u017eivatele \u010dte\u010dek obrazovky. <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/how-does-face-recognition-on-mobile-phones-work\/\">obli\u010dej<\/a> p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek na internetu. Struktury webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, zejm\u00e9na naviga\u010dn\u00ed li\u0161ty, mohou b\u00fdt pro \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, pokud v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i sv\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky nevyv\u00edjej\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dobrou zpr\u00e1vou je, \u017ee konsorcium W3C usilovn\u011b pracuje na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed standard\u016f a pokyn\u016f pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, aby zajistilo, \u017ee jejich webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky a aplikace budou p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 v\u0161em, v\u010detn\u011b lid\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dte\u010dky obrazovky, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o \u010dte\u010dky Braillova p\u00edsma nebo \u010dte\u010dky \u0159e\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b popis\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch prvk\u016f na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch mus\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i zajistit, aby se u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohli na jejich str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch pohybovat pomoc\u00ed kl\u00e1vesnice a hlasov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. To jsou hlavn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak zrakov\u011b posti\u017een\u00ed proch\u00e1zej\u00ed webov\u00fdmi str\u00e1nkami pomoc\u00ed \u010dte\u010dek obrazovky a dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edstupnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a><\/a>\u010cte\u010dky obrazovky zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148uj\u00ed sv\u011bt zrakov\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdm. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed jim l\u00e9pe pou\u017e\u00edvat jejich za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u0161echny jejich funkce. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed jim tak\u00e9 pohybovat se na internetu, kter\u00fd se stal v\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eivota v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010cte\u010dka obrazovky je softwarov\u00e1 aplikace nainstalovan\u00e1 v mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch, kter\u00e1 usnad\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed osob\u00e1m se zrakov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm. Tento software spolupracuje s opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a poskytuje informace o r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u011bcech na obrazovce, v\u010detn\u011b slo\u017eek, soubor\u016f, ikon, dialogov\u00fdch oken, nab\u00eddek, ikon a webov\u00fdch...<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"read-more button-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/%ef%bf%bca-guide-to-screen-readers\/\">P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si v\u00edce<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lebara-news","tag-screen-readers","clearfix",false],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/673","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=673"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/673\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":674,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/673\/revisions\/674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lebara.co.uk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}